![]() The abundance of phytoplankton and aquatic flora supports a complex food chain. The warm tropical waters of the ocean support a great diversity of life. This ocean is also the warmest ocean in the world. Cyclones are common during the summer season. The Indian Ocean region experiences a monsoon type of climate. 3,741 m is the average depth of the Indian Ocean, and its deepest point is Diamantina Deep. The Eurasian landmass lies to the north of the Indian Ocean, Australia to the east, Africa to the west and the Southern Ocean and Antarctica to the south. ![]() The Indian Ocean occupies 70,560,000 square km area on the Earth’s surface. The Atlantic also hosts rich fishing resources with haddock, cod, mackerel, herring being the chief commercially important fish species. Petroleum deposits on the Atlantic’s floor, precious stones, placer deposits, and polymetallic nodules are abundant. The Atlantic Ocean has contributed significantly to the economy of many nations. The Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift are responsible for keeping large parts of the coast of north-western Europe and the British Isles warm when the coast of Newfoundland in Canada on the same latitude experiences extreme temperatures in winter. Warm and cold ocean currents in the Atlantic also influence the climate of the coastal areas on the shores of the Atlantic. Since the Atlantic Ocean is vast, its climate varies widely from the north to the south. The average depth of the Atlantic Ocean is 3,646 m and the Milwaukee Deep (8,380 m) in the Puerto Rico Trench, is its deepest known point. The Arctic Ocean lies to its north, the Southern Ocean to its south, Pacific to the southwest and Indian Ocean to the southeast. The Atlantic Ocean is bounded by the landmasses of North and South America to the west and Asia and Africa to the east. The Atlantic Ocean spans an area of 85,133,000 square km. Atlantic Ocean A Humpback whale (Megaptera novaengliae) raises its large fluke in the Atlantic Ocean. These alterations would, in turn, cause a drastic change in the global climate. This transformation would load the Arctic with large volumes of meltwater and affect the ocean currents prevailing in the region. As per research, the Arctic might become ice-free by 2040. Like other oceans of the world, climate change threatens to adversely affect the marine ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. The ocean bed also hosts petroleum and natural gas fields, polymetallic nodules, and placer deposits. The Lion’s mane jellyfish and the banded gunnel are among the few species of marine creatures inhabiting the Arctic Ocean’s waters. Plant life in the Arctic Ocean is scarce except for abundant volumes of phytoplanktons. Threatened species of whales and walruses inhabit the ocean. ![]() The marine habitat of the Arctic Ocean is a fragile ecosystem that is highly susceptible to slight disruptions in weather. Long hours of darkness engulf the ocean during winters and summers are characterized by continuous daylight. The Arctic Ocean is located in a polar climatic zone characterized by frigid year-round temperatures. Barrow and Prudhoe Bay in Alaska Churchill, Nanisivik, and Inuvik in Canada Nuuk in Greenland Kirkenes, Vardø, and Longyearbyen in Norway and several ports like Murmansk, Tiksi, and Pevek in Russia, all lie on the Arctic coast. The countries bordering the Arctic Ocean are the US, Canada, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. The Greenland Sea and the Labrador Sea forms the connection between this ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. The Bering Strait connects the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. ![]() The maximum recorded depth is found to be 18,456 feet. The area occupied by the ocean is about 15,558,000 square km, and its coastline extends for 45,389 km. The Arctic Ocean has a roughly circular basin that is nearly enclosed by the continental landmasses of North America, Eurasia, Greenland, and several smaller islands. The smallest, coldest, and shallowest of the oceans of the world, the Arctic Ocean is located in the Northern Hemisphere’s Arctic north polar region. Arctic Ocean A fisherman's boat on the Arctic Ocean in Greenland. ![]()
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